History+of+Stem+Cell+Research

= __History of Stem Cell Research__ = In the 1800s, it was discovered that some cells could generate ot​her cells. Further study of these cells yielded the study of stem cells.  The first real stem cells were discovered when it was found that some cells generate blood cells, and the resaerch progressed thusly.

Government Involvement

 * **1973** – Moratorium was placed on government funding for human embryo research [[image:university-research.jpg width="228" height="156" align="right" caption="The derivations and uses of stem cells are constantly debated in the government." link="Political Implications#government"]]
 * **1988** – A NIH panel voted 19 to 2 in favor of government funding for human embryo research
 * **1990** – Congress voted to override the moratorium on government funding of embryonic stem cell research, but was vetoed by President George Bush
 * **1995** – Congress banned federal funding for creating new stem cell lines from human embryos
 * **1998** – James Thompson (University of Wisconsin – Madison) isolated cells from the inner cell mass of early embryos, and developed the first embryonic stem cell lines; John Gearhart (Johns Hopkins University) derived germ cells from cells in fetal gonadal tissue (primordial germ cells).
 * **2000** – President Bill Clinton allowed funding of research on cells derived from aborted human fetuses, but nor from embryonic cells.
 * **2001** – President George W. Bush announced his decision to allow Federal funding of research only on existing human embryonic stem cell lines created prior to his announcement

Overall Achievements

 * **1952** – Briggs and King cloned tadpoles
 * **1981** – Scientists discovered ways to derive embryonic stem cells from early mouse embryos [[image:cloning2.jpg width="240" height="179" align="right" caption="While no one is currently trying to clone humans, there is the potential to do so."]]
 * **1996** – The first mammal cloned from adult cells was Dolly, the sheep
 * **1998** – Mice cloned, Cows cloned; Study from the mouse stem cells led to the discovery of a method to derive stem cells from human embryos and grow the cells in the laboratory
 * **2000** – Pigs cloned
 * **2001** – Cat cloned; First cloned human embryos (only to six cell stage) created by Advanced Cell Technology (USA)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**2002** – Rabbits cloned
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**2003** – Mule cloned
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**2004** – Bull serial cloned; first human cloned blastocyst created (Korea) – later(2006) proved to be fraudulent
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**2006** – Shinya Yamanaka found out the way to turn a skin cell of a mouse to its embryonic state, or the first induced pluripotent stem (iPS)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**2007** – Shinya Yamanaka succeeded on creating the first human iPS
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**2008** – Kevin Eggan, at HSCI, created embryonic stem cells from patientsFirst cloned human embryos (only to six cell stage) created by Advanced Cell Technology (USA)

** References ** http://www.allaboutpopularissues.org/history-of-stem-cell-research-faq.htm http://www.godandscience.org/slideshow/stem014.html http://www.godandscience.org/slideshow/stem015.html http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1874717,00.html [] __ http://jspivey.wikispaces.com/Cloning+JW.html __